Understanding Canada’s New Drone Rules in 2025: What Pilots Need to Know

Drone flying in Canada has changed in a big way. Whether you’re flying a sub-250g drone like the DJI Mini series, piloting an FPV rig, or operating a commercial drone, Transport Canada has updated the rules that govern where, when, and how you can fly.

In this post, we’ll break down the differences between recreational and commercial use, the various pilot certifications, and what you need to know about SFOCs (Special Flight Operations Certificates) and the newly introduced Level 1 Complex Operations certification.

Sub-250g Drones: What’s Allowed?

If your drone weighs less than 250 grams (like the DJI Mini 3, Mini 4, or the new Mini 5), the rules are different:

• Recreational flights: No Certification is required.

• Commercial flights: No Certification is required (SFOC is required for advertised events)

• Safety rules still apply: Always fly below 400 feet, keep the drone within visual line of sight, and avoid restricted airspace and crowds.

Even though these drones are considered “micro,” Transport Canada still enforces strict rules when money, people, or sensitive airspace are involved.

Basic Drone Pilot Certificate

The Basic Certificate is the entry-level license for drones weighing 250g up to 25kg. With it, you can:

• Fly in uncontrolled airspace

• Operate 30 metres away from bystanders

• Fly drones up to 25kg

Restrictions: You cannot fly in controlled airspace or near airports, hospitals, or heliports. The Basic Certificate only requires an online exam, no flight review.

Advanced Drone Pilot Certificate

For more serious operations, the Advanced Certificate opens up more possibilities:

• Fly in controlled airspace (with Nav Canada approval)

• Operate closer to people — as close as 5 metres

• Fly over people if using a Transport Canada–approved drone

This license requires both a more challenging online exam and an in-person flight review.

What is an SFOC?

The Special Flight Operations Certificate (SFOC) is essentially Transport Canada’s “permission slip” for drone operations outside standard rules. You’ll need one if you plan to:

• Fly a drone (including sub-250g) at an advertised event like a concert, festival, or sports game

• Operate in restricted or controlled airspace beyond standard permissions

• Fly over people or crowds, where standard rules don’t normally allow it

The application process typically takes 30–45 business days and requires:

• A detailed flight plan

• A risk assessment (identifying hazards, emergency procedures, and mitigation plans)

• Pilot credentials and insurance details In short, an SFOC covers operations that go beyond the typical limits set for basic and advanced drone pilots — ensuring that safety and compliance remain top priorities even in complex scenarios.

Insurance Requirements

If you’re applying for an SFOC, having liability insurance is mandatory. Even outside of SFOCs, insurance is strongly recommended for any professional drone operator to cover accidents or damage.

Level 1 Complex Operations

Introduced in 2025, Level 1 Complex Operations bridges the gap between an Advanced Certificate and an SFOC. It’s designed for professional operators flying in more complex or higher-risk environments without needing to apply for an SFOC every time.

This certification requires:

• 20–30 hours of ground school

• An additional flight review

It’s best suited for operators working in construction, infrastructure, and event coverage where conditions are more challenging.

Transport Canada’s Approved Drone List

Not every drone is approved for flight over people. Always check Transport Canada’s Safety Declaration List to confirm whether your model qualifies. This step is critical before planning commercial operations in populated areas. https://tc.canada.ca/en/aviation/drone-safety/learn-rules-you-fly-your-drone/choosing-right-drone-advanced-operations

Final Thoughts

Navigating drone laws in Canada can feel complicated, but breaking it down makes it manageable:

• Recreational flyers with sub-250g drones still have flexibility, but commercial work requires an SFOC.

• Basic license works for rural, open-area flying.

• Advanced license is the gateway to professional work, controlled airspace, and closer proximity to people.

• SFOCs and Level 1 Complex give you the ability to push beyond the limits, but with stricter requirements.

As drone technology evolves, staying compliant ensures safety, professionalism, and long-term opportunities.

✅ Pro Tip: Always check the latest guidance on Transport Canada’s website before flying.